Facts and History of Turkey

At the crossroads between Europe and Asia, Turkey is a fascinating country. Dominated by Greeks, Persians, and Romans in turn throughout the classical era, what is now Turkey was once the seat of the Byzantine Empire. In the 11th century, however, Turkish nomads from Central Asia moved into the region, gradually conquering all of Asia Minor. First, the Seljuk and then the Ottoman Turkish Empires came to power, exerting influence over much of the eastern Mediterranean world, and bringing Islam to southeast Europe. After the Ottoman Empire fell in 1918, Turkey transformed itself into the vibrant, modernizing, secular state it is today. Capital and Major Cities Capital: Ankara, population 4.8 million Major Cities: Istanbul, 13.26 million Izmir, 3.9 million Bursa, 2.6 million Adana, 2.1 million Gaziantep, 1.7 million Government of Turkey The Republic of Turkey is a parliamentary democracy. All Turkish citizens over the age of 18 have the right to vote. The head of state is the president, currently Recep Tayyip ErdoÄŸan. The prime minister is head of government; Binali YÄ ±ldÄ ±rÄ ±mis the current prime minister. Since 2007, presidents of Turkey are directly elected, and the president appoints the prime minister. Turkey has a unicameral (one house) legislature, called the Grand National Assembly or Turkiye Buyuk Millet Meclisi, with 550 directly elected members. Parliament members serve four-year terms. The judicial branch of government in Turkey is rather complicated. It includes the Constitutional Court, the Yargitay or High Court of Appeals, the Council of State (Danistay), the Sayistay or Court of Accounts, and military courts. Although the overwhelming majority of Turkish citizens are Muslims, the Turkish state is staunchly secular. The non-religious nature of Turkish government has historically been enforced by the military since the Republic of Turkey was founded as a secular state in 1923 by General Mustafa Kemal Ataturk. Turkeys Population As of 2011, Turkey has an estimated 78.8 million citizens. The majority of them are ethnically Turkish - 70 to 75% of the population. Kurds make up the largest minority group at 18%; they are concentrated primarily in the eastern portion of the country and have a long history of pressing for their own separate state. Neighboring Syria and Iraq also have large and restive Kurdish populations - the Kurdish nationalists of all three states have called for the creation of a new nation, Kurdistan, at the intersection of Turkey, Iraq, and Syria. Turkey also has smaller numbers of Greeks, Armenians, and other ethnic minorities. Relations with Greece have been uneasy, particularly over the issue of Cyprus, while Turkey and Armenia disagree vehemently over the Armenian Genocide carried out by Ottoman Turkey in 1915. Languages The official language of Turkey is Turkish, which is the most widely-spoken of the languages in the Turkic family, part of the larger Altaic linguistic group. It is related to Central Asian languages such as Kazakh, Uzbek, Turkmen, etc. Turkish was written using the Arabic script until Ataturks reforms; as part of the secularizing process, he had a new alphabet created that uses the Latin letters with a few modifications. For example, a c with a small tail curving beneath it is pronounced like the English ch. Kurdish is the largest minority language in Turkey  and is spoken by about 18% of the population. Kurdish is an Indo-Iranian language, related to Farsi, Baluchi, Tajik, etc. It may be written in the Latin, Arabic or Cyrillic alphabets, depending upon where it is being used. Religion in Turkey: Turkey is approximately 99.8% Muslim. Most Turks and Kurds are Sunni, but there are also important Alevi and Shia groups. Turkish Islam has always been strongly influenced by the mystical and poetic Sufi tradition, and Turkey remains a stronghold of Sufism. It also hosts tiny minorities of Christians and Jews. Geography Turkey has a total area of 783,562 square kilometers (302,535 square miles). It straddles the Sea of Marmara, which divides southeastern Europe from southwestern Asia. Turkeys small European section, called Thrace, borders on Greece and Bulgaria. Its larger Asian portion, Anatolia, borders Syria, Iraq, Iran, Azerbaijan, Armenia, and Georgia. The narrow Turkish Straits seaway between the two continents, including the Dardanelles and the Bosporus Strait, is one of the worlds key maritime passages; it is the only access-point between the Mediterranean and the Black Sea. This fact gives Turkey enormous geopolitical importance. Anatolia is a fertile plateau in the west, gradually rising to rugged mountains in the east. Turkey is seismically active, prone to large earthquakes, and also has some very unusual landforms such as the cone-shaped hills of Cappadocia. Volcanic Mt. Ararat, near the Turkish border with Iran, is believed to be the landing-place of Noahs Ark. It is Turkeys highest point, at 5,166 meters (16,949 feet). Climate of Turkey Turkeys coasts have a mild Mediterranean climate, with warm, dry summers and rainy winters. The weather becomes more extreme in the eastern, mountainous region. Most regions of Turkey receive an average of 20-25 inches (508-645 mm) of rain per year. The hottest temperature ever recorded in Turkey is 119.8 ° F (48.8 ° C) at Cizre. The coldest temperature ever was -50  °F (-45.6 ° C) at Agri. Turkish Economy: Turkey is among the top twenty economies in the world, with a 2010 estimated GDP of $960.5 billion US and a healthy GDP growth rate of 8.2%. Although agriculture still accounts for 30% of jobs in Turkey, the economy relies on industrial and service sector output for its growth. For centuries a center of carpet-making and other textile trade, and a terminus of the ancient Silk Road, today Turkey manufactures automobiles, electronics and other high-tech goods for export. Turkey has oil and natural gas reserves. It is also a key distribution point for Middle Eastern and Central Asia oil and natural gas moving to Europe and to ports for export overseas. The per capita GDP is $12,300 US. Turkey has an unemployment rate of 12%, and more than 17% of Turkish citizens live below the poverty line. As of January  2012, the exchange rate for Turkeys currency is 1 US dollar 1.837 Turkish lira. History of Turkey Naturally, Anatolia had a history before the Turks, but the region did not become Turkey until the Seljuk Turks moved into the area in the 11th century CE. On August 26, 1071, the Seljuks under Alp Arslan prevailed at the Battle of Manzikert, defeating a coalition of Christian armies led by the Byzantine Empire. This sound defeat of the Byzantines marked the beginning of true Turkish control over Anatolia (that is, the Asian portion of modern-day Turkey). The Seljuks did not hold sway for very long, however. Within 150 years, a new power rose from far to their east  and swept toward Anatolia. Although Genghis Khan himself never got to Turkey, his Mongols did. On the 26th of June, 1243, a Mongol army commanded by Genghiss grandson Hulegu Khan defeated the Seljuks in the Battle of Kosedag  and brought down the Seljuk Empire. Hulegus Ilkhanate, one of the great hordes of the Mongol Empire, ruled over Turkey for about eighty years, before crumbling away around 1335 CE. The Byzantines once more asserted control over parts of Anatolia as the Mongol hold weakened, but small local Turkish principalities began to develop, as well. One of those small principalities in the northwestern part of Anatolia began to expand in the early 14th century. Based in the city of Bursa, the Ottoman beylik would go on to conquer not only Anatolia and Thrace (the European section of modern-day Turkey), but also the Balkans, the Middle East, and eventually parts of North Africa. In 1453, the Ottoman Empire dealt a death-blow to the Byzantine Empire when it captured the capital at Constantinople. The Ottoman Empire reached its apogee in the sixteenth century, under the rule of Suleiman the Magnificent. He conquered much of Hungary in the north, and as far west as Algeria in northern Africa. Suleiman also enforced religious tolerance of Christians and Jews within his empire. During the eighteenth century, the Ottomans began to lose territory around the edges of the empire. With weak sultans on the throne  and corruption in the once-vaunted Janissary corps, Ottoman Turkey became known as the Sick Man of Europe. By 1913, Greece, the Balkans, Algeria, Libya, and Tunisia had all broken away from the Ottoman Empire. When World War I broke out along what had been the boundary between the Ottoman Empire and the Austro-Hungarian Empire, Turkey made the fatal decision to ally itself with the Central Powers (Germany and Austria-Hungary). After the Central Powers lost World War I, the Ottoman empire ceased to exist. All of the non-ethnically Turkish lands became independent, and the victorious Allies planned to carve Anatolia itself into spheres of influence. However, a Turkish general named Mustafa Kemal was able to stoke Turkish nationalism  and expel the foreign occupation forces from Turkey proper. On November 1, 1922, the Ottoman sultanate was formally abolished. Almost a year later, on October 29, 1923, the Republic of Turkey was proclaimed, with its capital at Ankara. Mustafa Kemal became the first president of the new secular republic. In 1945, Turkey became a charter member of the new United Nations. (It had remained neutral in World War II.) That year also marked the end of single-party rule in Turkey, which had lasted for twenty years. Now firmly aligned with the western powers, Turkey joined NATO in 1952, much to the consternation of the USSR. With the republics roots going back to secular military leaders such as Mustafa Kemal Ataturk, the Turkish military views itself as the guarantor of secular democracy in Turkey. As such, it has staged coups in 1960, 1971, 1980 and 1997. As of this writing, Turkey is generally at peace, although the Kurdish separatist movement (the PKK) in the east has been actively trying to create a self-governing Kurdistan there since 1984.

Faith lost in God Essay - 697 Words

Faith Lost In God nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The book Night by Elie Wiesel, tells a story about a young religious boy who begins to lose his faith in God at such an early age. The book deals with the tragedies as well as the occurrences which has happened during the Holocaust and at the Nazi concentration camps. The young boy named Elie Wiesel deals with the death of his family as well as the painful times during the Holocaust. There are many representations in this book on how Elie Wiesel is shocked with trama at such an early age. With all the painful times during the Holocaust, Elie has lost his innocence and beliefs in God as well. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Even though Elie is a very young boy, he is very serious†¦show more content†¦Page 2 nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Another example of loss of faith in Night, is when the Jews are talking about the secrets of God. It all begins when a religious man named Akiba Drumer starts singing Hasidic melodies. Many of the Jews in the camps like to deal with their situation by praying to God. But as for Elie, he refuses to pray. Elie begins to question God by saying quot;I did not deny Gods existence, but I doubted his absolute justice† (Wiesel 42). As a week goes by, a young pipel is hanged with two other adults at the gallows. As the three Jews are being hanged, the two adults die right away, but as for the young pipel, he struggles to die very slowly. As Elie is watching the hanging, a man behind Elie asks him where God is at this time and Elie replies, â€Å"Where is He? Here He is-He is hanging here on this gallows....quot; (Wiesel 62). Elie feels as if it is God who his hanging from the gallows. Elie feels as if the death of the young pipel resembles the same death of his faith in God. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Lastly loss of faith is seen as the Jewish New Year passes, and the Jewish prisoners at the camps are celebrating and giving thanks to God. Before the Holocaust, New Year’s Day was very important to Elie. But now, Elie refuses to give up any prayers or things that praises to God. Elie does not fee like he needs to give thanks to God, but blame him instead. On the day ofShow MoreRelatedâ€Å"Summer 2011 I Almost Lost My Faith In God, Same Time I1126 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"Summer 2011 I almost lost my faith in God, Same time I never prayed so hard† words from 6LACK on his track EA6. The feeling provoking album takes you on a journey of relatable emotions. He designed this album to relate to his audience. Each aspect with a fairly slowed down tone with phenomenal vocals besides his first two tracks. His first few tracks contain a mellow trap beat with heavy synths. This album has inspiration from many genres of music. 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What God would let his people be burned, suffocated to death, separated from their families, and starved toRead MoreA Comparison Of Night By Elie Wiesels Inhumanity In Night880 Words   |  4 Pagesextreme inhumanity, one can lose his faith, which leads to a loss of innocence. Wiesel struggled a lot with his faith in Night. Before the Holocaust he had full faith in God. But his faith and trust in God started to slip throughout his time in the concentration camp. The breaking point in where Wiesel completely lost his faith in God was when the young pipel was hung. After witnessing the horrific hanging of the young pipel, Wiesel’s emotions and feelings towards God at this point were depicted whenRead MoreAnalysis of Night874 Words   |  4 PagesPeriod 1 â€Å"Faith is Lost in the Night† The horrible accounts of the holocaust are vividly captured by Elie Wiesel in Night, an award winning work by a Holocaust survivor. It describes his time in the Holocaust and helps the reader fully understand the pain he went through. In the text, Elie continuously mentions how he is losing his faith to god. It is evident that he has nearly, if not completely lost his faith during the events of the holocaust. In the memoir, Night, Elie Wiesel’s faith changesRead More Loss of Faith in Elie Wiesels Night Essay796 Words   |  4 PagesLoss of Faith in Elie Wiesels Night Night is a dramatic book that tells the horror and evil of the concentration camps that many were imprisoned in during World War II. Throughout the book the author Elie Wiesel, as well as many prisoners, lost their faith in God. There are many examples in the beginning of Night where people are trying to keep and strengthen their faith but there are many more examples of people rebelling against God and forgetting their religion. The first example ofRead MoreNight, A Dark, Silent Time Where All Faith Is Lost1165 Words   |  5 Pages Night is a dark, silent time where all faith is lost. Night, a Holocaust memoir by Elie Wiesel is a tragic recollection of Elie’s Holocaust experience. Eliezer Wiesel, a young Jewish boy from the Transylvania region of Hungary, lives an average life until one fateful day, when he and his family are rounded up and sent to the notorious concentration camp, Auschwitz. Soon after, he loses his mother and two sisters within hours, and he himself comes two steps away from death. After a miserable firstRead MoreThe Sun Also Rises : The Loss Of God And Religion Essay1671 Words   |  7 PagesAlso Rises: The Loss of God and Religion It has been called one of Hemingway’s greatest literary works as it is the â€Å"quintessential novel of the Lost Generation.† Its strong language and subject matter portray a powerful image of the state of disenchantment felt in the 1920’s after the war. The interactions between the characters in this novel display a society living without convictions, affirming Gertrude Stein’s quotation at the beginning of the novel, â€Å"You are all a lost generation.† To paint thisRead MoreNathaniel Hawthorne s Young Goodman Brown934 Words   |  4 Pagesstory â€Å"Young Goodman Brown,† Nathaniel Hawthorne depicts a dark, mysterious story about young Goodman Brown’s journey, in which the young man gradually lost his religious faith. The story began with Brown leaving home with fear and hesitation. He was uncertain about the results of the journey, whereas he tried hard to comfort himself with the faith in his mind. With this excellent resolve for the future, Goodman Brown felt himself justified in making more haste on his present evil purpose. He hadRead MoreEssay on Elies Religious Beliefs in Night by Elie Wiesel713 Words   |  3 Pagesby Elie Wiesel, Elie starts losing faith in his Jewish beliefs. Multiple times in the book Elie says quotes that show his anger and disappointment with what he sees every day in the concentration camps. In this essay I will be showing many examples from different quotes on why Elie begins losing his faith. â€Å"Blessed be Gods name? Why? But why would I bless him?† Elie says that on page 67 of this book. To me, when Elie says this, he shows his anger towards God and about everything that he is letting

Spychaser Limited Marketing Strategy †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Spychaser Limited Marketing Strategy. Answer: Introduction In Ghana, small and medium enterprises (SMEs) play a significant role in growing the economy. Indeed, according to the government, they contribute approximately seventy percent to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) (Government of Ghana, n.d.). Additionally, they create job opportunities which lead to community development. In this essay, a local smartphone application development company named Spychaser Limited wants to market its new smartphone application that can be used by SMEs in their day-to-day operations. The company aims to use SOSTAC model to analyze the viability of its marketing plan, use the RACE model to discuss its online communication strategy, and use AIDAR to evaluate the current consumer purchasing behavior. The SOSTAC model is a marketing plan that was developed by PR Smith in the 1990s. The plan involves six phases that are used to create the acronym SOSTAC. The phases are situation, objectives, strategy, tactics, action, and control (Rupik and ?yminkowski, 2014). There are various ways to use this model. To start with, the model can be used to review how the organization creates marketing strategies (Smith and Chaffey, 2012). For example, what they spend time on or are good at such as developing objectives using the SMART acronym. The second application is getting the right balance across each stage in the planning process. SOSTAC ensures that time is allocated to each phase in an effective manner. To support its use, a research carried out in Maryland revealed that having an internet marketing strategy can increase the performance and survival of small enterprises (Demishkevich, 2015). The first phase of the SOSTAC model is situation analysis. The company is supposed to determine where it is at in relation to its customers and market (Reed FIDM, 2014). It includes a SWOT and competitor analysis. For instance, the company should outline its target customers and competitive advantage. In this case, Spychaser Limited is targeting small and medium enterprises in Ghana. In Ghana, ninety-two percent of the registered companies are small and medium enterprises (Government of Ghana, n.d.). This is an advantage for Spychaser since this is a large readily available market. The company is facing competition from application development companies around the world that offer business applications for SMEs such as WillowTree which is in Virginia. The second phase is outlining the objectives. The objectives are supposed to be developed using the 5 key points (Smith, 2015). The first point is the selling point which determines which how many customers the company is aiming to acquire and retain. The second point is the serving point where the company sets the customer satisfaction target. The third point is the sizzling point which is the added value that the smartphone application has. The fourth point is the speaking point which determines how the company will engage the customers. The last point is saving point where the company measures its gains with regard to efficiency. The objectives should also be SMART that is specific to the organization, measurable with regard to performance, actionable, relevant to the issue and within a given time period (Swan, 2017). For Spychaser, one of the objectives can be to increase product visibility and measure performance through Google Analytics between January 2018 and April 2018. The third phase is strategy which sets a plan to achieve the objectives outlined in the second phase. The focus is on the market segments and target customers. PR Smith developed the STOP and SIT acronyms (Smith, 2015). The STOP represents the existing segments of the market, the target market for the company, the alignment with the objectives and the positioning of the products. The positioning includes the online value proposition which acts as the unique selling point the business offers online. On the other hand, the SIT represents sequence, integration with the customer relationship management systems and the tools that are going to be used. In Ghana, medium-sized enterprises are more likely to use internet advertising than small enterprises (Alliances for Action, 2016). Therefore, Spychaser can use the internet to reach out to medium-sized enterprises. In Spychaser, the objective is to increase product visibility online so this can be done by advertising on online channels that offer software products and software development programs. Additionally, the company can research and see the tools that the competitors are using to boost sales (Swan, 2017). The fourth phase is tactics which define the steps to take to implement the strategy. It includes the marketing mix which has the seven Ps of marketing (Smith, 2015). The first is the product where Spychaser should ensure the application is has been tested on some SMEs and meets the requirements. The second is the price and Spychaser should ensure the price is consistent with the prices of the competitors in the global and local market. The third is place where Spychaser should develop an online retail shop where it can easily sell and engage the customers. The fourth is promotion and Spychaser should utilize the available marketing tools and strategies such as email marketing and using social media platforms. The fifth is people and Spychaser should offer satisfactory customer service in after sale services such as maintenance. It should also use Live Chat to interact with customers on the website. The sixth is process and Spychaser should direct consumers to their website through referrals or recommendations. The consumer can then engage with the staff to determine their requirements and whether the application will meet them. Lastly, through partnership, Spychaser can develop relationships with companies that are not its competitors but can be used to market its products such as companies that finance SMEs. In addition, the company can use marketing tools such as the Search Engine Optimization(SEO), Pay-Per-Click, and affiliate marketing. The fifth phase is action where responsibilities are assigned to different individuals. The company decides whether to use internal or external agencies (Smith, 2015). It also decides the systems and processes that are going to be used. Moreover, the tactics that were selected in the fourth stage are implemented using actions outlined in this phase. For example, if Spychaser chooses to use SEO it will be required to define keywords that will be used for targeting such as SMEs and smartphone applications. The company needs to optimize web pages to get the best ranking. To enrich content, it can build relationships with top bloggers and websites. If the company chooses Pay-Per-Click, it needs to have keywords, a budget, a way to check whether its keywords are reaching the targeted consumers. The last phase is called control and it focuses on monitoring and measuring performance based on the objectives that were set. This includes Key Performance Indicators, website visitor profiling, surveys on customer satisfaction and reporting frequency (Swan, 2017). Spychaser can integrate tools to measure performance weekly, monthly, or per year. However, companies are encouraged to measure performance frequently to ensure that the tactics that are being used are working. In addition, the model includes the use of the 3Ms (Smith, 2015). The first M represents men where the company focuses on the human resources to be used. The second M is the money where Spychaser must plan a budget for the launch of the application. The last M is the minutes and this means that Spychaser must set time frames for each phase to ensure that the project is completed within the given time period. The use of RACE marketing model The RACE model represents a framework that is used in digital marketing. RACE represents reaching, acting, converting and engaging (Chaffey, 2016). In some cases, planning is included in the framework. This framework describes the lifecycle of a customer which starts by informing the customer of the product. It ensures the customers interact with the staff and repurchase products hence retaining them. For the model to be effective, it has to include traditional and digital channels of marketing especially in Ghana for small business owners. Spychaser intends to use the RACE model to develop an online communication strategy. The first step is reach which the company will use to create awareness about the smartphone application (Chaffey, 2016). This can be done through the use of other websites and offline marketing channels such as word of mouth, television and radio adverts. Further, the company can use SEOs and the companys blog posts to write about the application. As a result, there will be traffic generated by the people who visit the main Spychasers website, microsites and the companys social media pages. The marketing team can also use influencers such as top bloggers to notify SMEs about the product. To ensure the tools are working, performance can be measured by checking the unique visitors of your sites, and the number of followers. The second phase is act where the company focuses on interacting with the customer and encouraging their participation (Chaffey, 2016). Interacting with the customer means encouraging the customer to know about the application. For example, Spychaser can make customers to read about the application on their blog post or ask questions about it on Live chat. Participation occurs when the customer reviews the application or shares information about it on social media. All of the above can be achieved through content management. The content should be relevant, influential, and clear to make consumers to take those steps. To measure the performance, Spychaser should monitor the number of likes, comments, shares and the time each visitor spends on the various sites. The third step is to convert the visits to sales. In this step, the company should focus on marketing tools that lead to sales (Chaffey, 2016). They can use e-commerce or offline selling techniques. In some other cases, the goals of marketing may be more than sales such as fans and leads. In all cases, this step ensures that they are converted into the marketing goals. Performance is measured by the number of sales and the revenue earned. The last step is engagement which involves building relationships with new and existing customers to create customer loyalty. Customer loyalty assures Spychaser that they can get repeat sales. This can be achieved through emails or direct interaction with the SMEs. This is measured through repeat purchases and how often customers share Spychasers content on social media. In general, the company should use key performance indicators in all the steps of the model to achieve the desired results. Positioning defines the ability of a product to stand out and occupy the larger portion of the consumers mind compared to its competitors. Positioning is important since it can be used as a competitive advantage by Spychaser. Positioning can be in two forms such as in excess when the company provides false information about features of a product. It can also be done in way poor manner where important features of a product are not mentioned. Factors that can ensure successful positioning are the price, product, place and promotion that are present in the market mix (Marketing, n.d.). The other factors are customers, competition, channels, and the definition of the company (Abinanti, 2015). In product, Spychaser should ensure the application is of the highest quality and it meets the customers requirements (Marketing, n.d.). It must also provide after sale services such as maintenance and installation if it is required. This will differentiate it from the other application in the market since it sends a consistent image. In addition, the prices must be similar to the prices that have been set by the competitors. However, it must be set to depict the uniqueness of the application. For example, if it has additional features and better compatibility it may be expensive compared to the other application. The price must be within the range that is affordable to the target SMEs. For instance, the application may be more expensive for large corporations since it may require more integration and host more users compared to small enterprises. The company may also offer discounted rates to attract more users since it is the first product launch. When considering the place, the company should look at distribution. This is how it will ensure the application reaches the target customers (Marketing, n.d.). It may be available through a download link after payment has been made. It may also be available on the websites freely for customers to install and test its functionality for a certain time period. Promotion refers to the advertising techniques that the company uses. For this case, the company will use traditional and digital methods. Overall, in the marketing mix creating consistency creates a brand image. On the other hand, when referring to channels, the company should consider the channels of distribution (Abinanti, 2015). Positioning allows the company to use the channels to learn more about the customers needs and the purchase process. Consequently, the information can be used to look for a channel that minimizes cost or to use a channel to its full potential. Customers are an important part of positioning since a clear understanding of their needs assists in differentiating a product. Spychaser should understand the needs of the SMEs in order to attract and retain them. Finally, it is important for the company to understand its competitors. Studying the competitors allows the company to understand the niche in a particular market hence design a product that fills it. For Spychaser, they should look out how other global competitors are launching their products and what channels they use to reach their customers. Competitors information can be found on the companys website and mark eting channels such as blogs. The use of AIDAR model The AIDAR model is used to represent the purchasing cycle involved after product development. The first stage in the model is awareness where the customer finds out that the product exists (Tedesco, 2011). The aim is to target as many customers and influencers as possible using techniques that have minimal cost. The next stage is interest where the company must establish itself is a trusted brand that meets the needs of the customers. The company must make sure that when potential customers search social media they find reassuring information about quality. This is because potential customers tend to trust the reviews on social media than the companys website. The next stage is desire where the customer learns about the benefits of the product. This means connecting with them on a personal level which is better achieved on social media than the companys website (Tedesco, 2011). Action is the next stage where purchasing occurs. This is done through testimonials and case studies to move the customers to purchase the product. Spychaser should use social media to engage the customers and gain their reviews and complaints and reinforce their trust. The last stage involves the retaining the customers and earning their loyalty. This cycle is going to impact the sales of Spychasers application. Therefore, Spychaser needs to make implement the same strategy in their marketing plan and make use of social media to interact with the SMEs. Conclusion Generally, all the models provide a way for Spychaser to use marketing strategies to launch its product. Upon launching, it needs to continue using the marketing strategies in the Race model to continue attracting customers and retaining them. The AIDAR model provides a way for the company to use social media to attract customers, make sales and retain them. The marketing team should remember to outline the action plans as outlined in the SOSTAC model. Overall, using the three models allow Spychaser to traditional and digital methods of marketing. References Abinanti, L. (2015).The Key to Successful Positioning: '3 Cs' Research. [online] MarketingProfs. [Accessed 29 Sep. 2017]. Alliances for Action (2016).SME COMPETITIVENESS IN GHANA. [eBook] [Accessed 29 Sep. 2017]. Chaffey, D. (2016).Introducing RACE: a practical framework to improve your digital marketing - Smart Insights Digital Marketing Advice. [online] Smart Insights. [Accessed 29 Sep. 2017]. Demishkevich, M., 2015.Small Business Use of Internet Marketing: Findings from Case Studies (Doctoral dissertation, Walden University). Government of Ghana (n.d.).Empowering SMEs in Ghana for Global Competitiveness. [online] Eservices.gov.gh. [Accessed 29 Sep. 2017]. Marketing (n.d.).Successful Companies Master Positioning and Distribution. [online] Bizfilings. [Accessed 29 Sep. 2017]. Reed FIDM, D. (2014). SOSTAC: The guide to the perfect digital marketing plan.Journal of Direct, Data and Digital Marketing Practice, 16(2), pp.146-147. Rupik, K. and ?yminkowski, T. (2014). Analytical and Behavioral Elements of Marketing Planning Model Empirical Evidence from Polish Firms.International Journal of Economic Practices and Theories, 4(5), pp.668-676. Smith, P. (2015).The SOSTAC guide to your perfect digital marketing plan. [Place of publication not identified]: P.R. Smith. Smith, P. and Chaffey, D. (2012).EMarketing eXcellence. Hoboken: Taylor and Francis. Swan, S. (2017).A SOSTAC Plan example - Smart Insights Digital Marketing Advice. [online] Smart Insights. [Accessed 29 Sep. 2017]. Tedesco, T. (2011).Do You AIDAR? Master the Awareness, Interest, Desire, Action and Reorder Stages of Buying -T.J. Tedesco. [online] Printing Impressions. [Accessed 29 Sep. 2017].

Analysis of Thomas Jeffersons First Inaugural Address free essay sample

A rising nation, spread over a wide and fruitful land, traversing all the seas with the rich productions of their industry, engaged in commerce with nations who feel power and forget right, advancing rapidly to destinies beyond the reach of mortal eyewhen I contemplate these transcendent objects, and see the honor, the happiness, and the hopes of this beloved country committed to the issue and the auspices of this day, I shrink from the contemplation, and humble myself before the magnitude of the undertaking. Utterly indeed, should I despair, did not the presence of many whom I here see remind me, that in the other high authorities provided by our constitution, I shall find resources of wisdom, of virtue, and of zeal, on which to rely under all difficulties. To you, then, gentlemen, who are charged with the sovereign functions of legislation, and to those associated with you, I look with encouragement for that guidance and support which may enable us to steer with safety the vessel in which we are all embarked amid the conflicting elements of a troubled world. During the contest of opinion through which we have passed, the animation of discussion and of exertions has sometimes worn an aspect which might impose on strangers unused to think freely and to speak and to write what they think; but this being now decided by the voice of the nation, announced according to the rules of the constitution, all will, of course, arrange themselves under the will of the law, and unite in common efforts for the common good. All, too, will bear in mind this sacred principle, that though the will of the majority is in all cases to prevail, that will, to be rightful, must be reasonable; that the minority possess their equal rights, which equal laws must protect, and to violate which would be oppression. Let us, then, fellow citizens, unite with one heart and one mind. Let us restore to social intercourse that harmony and affection without which liberty and even life itself are but dreary things. And let us reflect that having banished from our land that religious intolerance under which mankind so long bled and suffered, we have yet gained little if we countenance a political intolerance as despotic, as wicked, and capable of as bitter and bloody persecutions. During the throes and convulsions of the ancient world, during the agonizing spasms of infuriated man, seeking through blood and slaughter his long-lost liberty, it was not wonderful that the agitation of the billows should reach even this distant and peaceful shore; that this should be more felt and feared by some and less by others; that this should divide opinions as to measures of safety. But every difference of opinion is not a difference of principle. We have called by different names brethren of the same principle. We are all republicanswe are all federalists. If there be any among us who would wish to dissolve this Union or to change its republican form, let them stand undisturbed as monuments of the safety with which error of opinion may be tolerated where reason is left free to combat it. I know, indeed, that some honest men fear that a republican government cannot be strong; that this government is not strong enough. But would the honest patriot, in the full tide of successful experiment, abandon a government which has so far kept us free and firm, on the theoretic and visionary fear that this government, the worlds best hope, may by possibility want energy to preserve itself? I trust not. I believe this, on the contrary, the strongest government on earth. I believe it is the only one where every man, at the call of the laws, would fly to the standard of the law, and would meet invasions of the public order as his own personal concern. Sometimes it is said that man cannot be trusted with the government of himself. Can he, then, be trusted with the government of others? Or have we found angels in the forms of kings to govern him? Let history answer this question. Let us, then, with courage and confidence pursue our own federal and republican principles, our attachment to our union and representative government. Kindly separated by nature and a wide ocean from the exterminating havoc of one quarter of the globe; too high-minded to endure he degradations of the others; possessing a chosen country, with room enough for our descendants to the thousandth and thousandth generation; entertaining a due sense of our equal right to the use of our own faculties, to the acquisitions of our industry, to honor and confidence from our fellow citizens, resulting not from birth but from our actions and their sense of them; enlightened by a benign religion, professed, indeed, and practiced in various forms, yet all of them including honesty, truth, temperance, gratitude, and the love of man; acknowledging and adoring an overruling Providence, which by all its dispensations proves that it delights in the happiness of man here and his greater happiness hereafter; with all these blessings, what more is necessary to make us a happy and prosperous people? Still one thing more, fellow citizensa wise and frugal government, which shall restrain men from injuring one another, which shall leave them otherwise free to regulate their own pursuits of industry and improvement, and shall not take from the mouth of labor the bread it has earned. This is the sum of good government, and this is necessary to close the circle of our felicities. About to enter, fellow citizens, on the exercise of duties which comprehend everything dear and valuable to you, it is proper that you should understand what I deem the essential principles of our government, and consequently those which ought to shape its administration. I will compress them within the narrowest compass they will bear, stating the general principle, but not all its limitations. Equal and exact justice to all men, of whatever state or persuasion, religious or political; peace, commerce, and honest friendship, with all nationsentangling alliances with none; the support of the state governments in all their rights, as the most competent administrations for our domestic concerns and the surest bulwarks against anti-republican tendencies; the preservation of the general government in its whole constitutional vigor, as the sheet anchor of our peace at home and safety abroad; a jealous care of the right of election by the peoplea mild and safe corrective of abuses which are lopped by the sword of the revolution where peaceable remedies are unprovided; absolute acquiescence in the decisions of the majoritythe vital principle of republics, from which there is no appeal but to force, the vital principle and immediate parent of espotism; a well-disciplined militiaour best reliance in peace and for the first moments of war, till regulars may relieve them; the supremacy of the civil over the military authority; economy in the public expense, that labor may be lightly burdened; the honest payment of our debts and sacred preservation of the public faith; encouragement of agriculture, and of commerce as its handmaid; the diffusion of information and the arraignment of all abuses at the bar of public reason; freedom of religion; freedom of the press; freedom of person under the protection of the habeas corpus; and trial by juries impartially selectedthese principles form the bright constellation which has gone before us, and guided our steps through an age of revolution and reformation. The wisdom of our sages and the blood of our heroes have been devoted to their attainment. They should be the creed of our political faiththe text of civil instructionthe touchstone by which to try the services of those we trust; and should we wander from them in moments of error or alarm, let us hasten to retrace our steps and to regain the road which alone leads to peace, liberty, and safety. I repair, then, fellow citizens, to the post you have assigned me. With experience enough in subordinate offices to have seen the difficulties of this, the greatest of all, I have learned to expect that it will rarely fall to the lot of imperfect man to retire from this station with the reputation and the favor which bring him into it. Without pretensions to that high confidence reposed in our first and great revolutionary character, whose preeminent services had entitled him to the first place in his countrys love, and destined for him the fairest page in the volume of faithful history, I ask so much confidence only as may give firmness and effect to the legal administration of your affairs. I shall often go wrong through defect of judgment. When right, I shall often be thought wrong by those whose positions will not command a view of the whole ground. I ask your indulgence for my own errors, which will never be intentional; and your support against the errors of others, who may condemn what they would not if seen in all its parts. The approbation implied by your suffrage is a consolation to me for the past; and my future solicitude will be to retain the good opinion of those who have bestowed it in advance, to conciliate that of others by doing them all the good in my power, and to be instrumental to the happiness and freedom of all. Relying, then, on the patronage of your good will, I advance with obedience to the work, ready to retire from it whenever you become sensible how much better choice it is in your power to make. And may that Infinite Power which rules the destinies of the universe, lead our councils to what is best, and give them a favorable issue for your peace and prosperity. Source: Merrill D. Peterson, ed. , The Portable Thomas Jefferson (1975), 290.